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Joos Maternal Dynasty
The Joos Maternal Dynasty (Serer: ''Joos Fadiou/Fadioudj'', other variations: ''Dioss Fahou/Fadiou'',〔 Bulletin. Serie B: Sciences humaines / Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 41. p 234, (1979)〕 ''Dyoss'',〔 Institut français d'Afrique noire, Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 17. IFAN, (1955), p 317〕 ''Dieuss'', ''Dihosou'', ''Diouss'',〔Monteil, p 36,〕〔 Bulletin. Serie B: Sciences humaines / Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 41. p 225 (1979)〕 ''Dyoos''〔 Barry, Boubacar, "Le Royaume du Waalo: le Sénégal avant la conquête", KARTHALA Editions (1985), p 73, ISBN 2865371417〕 or ''Djeus''〔 Brigaud, Félix, "Histoire du Sénégal: Des origines aux traités de protectorat", Clair-afrique (1964), p 16〕) was a Serer maternal dynasty which originated from the Serer pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine in the 14th century and spread to the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo.〔The reign of Caaka Mbaar (var. ''Tyaaka Mbar'') () Barry (1985), p 328 (). See page 327 for the most probable date of his son – Yerim Mbanyik Ndoye Demba's reign (var. ''Yérim Mbanyik Ndoy Demba'') () (Retrieved 21 July 2012)〕〔〔 The matriarch or founder of this maternal dynasty was Lingeer Fatim Beye, a princess and queen originally from the Kingdom of Sine.〔〔〔Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 41 (1979), p 225〕 In Waalo, it was founded by the princess Lingeer Ndoye Demba of Sine.〔 Lingeer Ndoye Demba was the maternal granddaughter of Lingeer Fatim Beye. They both came from the Serer ethnic group.〔 Although the pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine and Waalo now form part of modern-day Senegal, in pre-colonial Senegambia, present-day Gambia had open-borders with Senegal and share the same and . The demarcation of the two countries is purely geographical due to their colonial past, with Britain colonizing the Gambia and France colonizing Senegal. For a background to these events see the History of Senegal, History of the Gambia, Senegambia and Timeline of Serer history.
From c. 1367,〔 this maternal dynasty provided many kings of Waalo who rule by the royal title "Brak". The Braks were the successors of the Lamanes in Waalo,〔 Boulègue, Jean, "Le Grand Jolof", (XVIIIe – XVIe Siècle). (Paris, Edition Façades), Karthala (1987), p 30〕〔 Dyao, Yoro, "Légendes et coutumes sénégalaises", Cahiers de Yoro Dyao: publiés et commentés par Henri Gaden. (E. Leroux, 1912)〕 and ruled the country from the 14th century to 1855, the year Waalo fell to the French which resulted to the abolition of the monarchy.
==Origins==
The origins of the Joos as a matriclan is uncertain. What is known is that, it is just one of the many Serer matriclans〔 which were in existence at the time of the Lamanes.〔BIFAN (1955), pp 313–326〕 The Lamanes were the old Serer kings. The exact period within the Serer calendar that this matriclan first acquired notoriety in is a matter of conjecture. Other than being in existence at the time of the Lamanes little is known about which part of the Lamanic period it first gained prominence. According to some sources, it was prominent by the first half of the 14th century. This corresponds to the collapse of the Lamanic Era (see also Lamane Jegan Joof, the Joof family and Guelowar).〔Diouf, "Chronique du Royaume du Sine", p 705 (p 3)〕〔 Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum'' (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19〕 The name of their clan (Joos Fadiou) means the ''Joos of Fadiou'' (Fadiouth).
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